• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a heat sink (1) comprising: - providing at least one insert (3); encapsulation of the or each insert (3) in a protective envelope (5). The encapsulation step comprises the layer-by-layer fabrication of at least a portion of the protective envelope (5) on the or each insert (3).
    公开号:FR3042065A1
    申请号:FR1502078
    申请日:2015-10-06
    公开日:2017-04-07
    发明作者:Franck Vouzelaud；Haro Valerie Vionnet
    申请人:Thales SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method of manufacturing a heat sink and associated heat sink
    The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a heat sink comprising: - providing at least one insert; encapsulation of the or each insert in a protective envelope.
    To cool airborne electronic equipment, there are known, for example from US Pat. No. 6,215,661, thermal drains comprising one or more annealed pyrolytic graphite inserts (called "Thermally Annealed Pyrolytic Graphite" in English, or designated by the abbreviation TPG or APG). encapsulated in an aluminum protective envelope, these heat drains being intended to evacuate the heat from the electronic equipment by conduction.
    Such composite heat drains are advantageous for use in airborne fields. Indeed, they have a much higher thermal conductivity than conventional drains made entirely of aluminum while maintaining an acceptable density. In particular, the annealed pyrolytic graphite has a plane conductivity up to eight times higher than that of aluminum for a lower density. The protective envelope surrounding the inserts makes it possible to protect the electronic equipment against pollution by carbon dust resulting from the delamination of the graphite, provides a higher mechanical resistance to the heat sink and protects the inserts from environmental constraints such as the humidity or corrosive atmospheres.
    Methods of manufacturing such thermal drains are known in which a pedestal and an aluminum cover are separately manufactured, the base being provided with receptacles for receiving the inserts. The insert or inserts are then inserted into the base and the lid is placed on the assembly, then the encapsulation is carried out by assembling the lid with the base by hot isostatic pressing or by vacuum brazing.
    These methods are not entirely satisfactory. Indeed, they require heavy industrial means requiring substantial investment, as well as specific tools.
    An object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a heat sink comprising one or more inserts, made in particular annealed pyrolytic graphite encapsulated (s) in a protective envelope that is simple to implement and cost reduced. To this end, the invention relates to a manufacturing method as mentioned above, wherein the encapsulation step comprises the layer-by-layer fabrication of at least a portion of the protective envelope on the or each insert.
    According to particular characteristics of the process: the or each insert is made of a material different from the material in which the protective envelope is made; the or each insert comprises a core made of annealed pyrolytic graphite; said at least part of the protective envelope is constructed from a bed of powder; said at least part of the protective envelope is constructed by selective fusion by means of a laser beam or an electron beam; said at least part of the protective envelope is made of a metallic material, in particular aluminum; the encapsulation step comprises, prior to the layer-by-layer manufacture of the said at least part of the protective envelope, the setting up of a reception frame around the or each insert, said receiving frame; forming, with the or each insert, an assembly constituting a layer of the heat sink to be manufactured, and the manufacturing step comprises the layer-by-layer fabrication of at least a portion of the protective envelope on one side of said assembly; - The receiving frame is made of the same material as the part of the protective envelope manufactured layer by layer; the protective envelope comprises a first part situated on the side of a first face of the assembly and a second part situated on the side of a second face of the assembly, opposite the first face, and manufacturing step comprises the layer-by-layer fabrication of at least a part of the protective envelope among the first part and the second part on the corresponding face of the assembly; the method comprises the layer-by-layer manufacture of the first part of the protective envelope on the first face of the assembly and the layer-by-layer manufacture of the second part of the protective envelope on the second face of the together; the first part of the protective envelope and the receiving frame are provided with a part prior to the step of placing the insert or inserts in the receiving frame, said first part of the protective envelope covering then a first face of the or each insert leaving a second face of the or each insert open, opposite to the first face, and the manufacturing step comprises the production layer by layer of the second part of the protective envelope on the second face of the or each insert; the first part of the protective envelope and the receiving frame are made in one piece and made of material, in particular by a layer-by-layer manufacturing method; the method further comprises a step of machining the protective envelope; the insert consists of a core covered with a coating layer, and the manufacturing method further comprises a step of forming a coating layer on the core of the or each insert prior to step d encapsulation, said coating layer being intended to facilitate the deposition and attachment of the portion of the envelope manufactured layer by layer. The invention also relates to a heat sink obtained by the method as mentioned above. The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example, and with reference to the appended drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic representation in section of a heat sink ; FIGS. 2 to 6 are diagrammatic representations of different stages of the manufacturing process of the heat sink of FIG. 1; - Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 2 according to a variant of the manufacturing process; and - Figure 8 illustrates the layout in the manufacturing facility at the end of the preparation step according to the variant of the manufacturing process. The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a heat sink 1. Such a heat sink 1 is intended to be brought into contact, on the one hand, with a heat source, and on the other hand, with a heat sink , the heat sink 1 being adapted to conduct the heat from the heat source to the heat sink.
    The heat source is constituted by an object to be cooled. This is in particular one or more electronic component (s), for example an electronic card or an electronic box. The heat sink includes any suitable cold source.
    As illustrated in Figure 1, the heat sink 1 comprises at least one insert 3 made of annealed pyrolytic graphite, encapsulated in a protective envelope 5. The insert 3 has at least one substantially flat face. In the example shown, it has an upper face 7 and a lower face 9 substantially flat and parallel to each other.
    In the following, the vertical direction means the direction perpendicular to the plane of the faces of the insert 3.
    The dimensions of the insert 3 are chosen by those skilled in the art according to the desired application, and in particular according to the nature and geometry of the objects to be cooled and its environment of use.
    The heat sink 1 may comprise a single insert 3 or several separate inserts 3 encapsulated in the same protective envelope 5.
    Thanks to the material in which it is made, the insert 3 has a very good thermal conductivity for a reasonable density. Indeed, the annealed pyrolytic graphite has a thermal conductivity approximately eight times higher than that of aluminum for a density lower than that of aluminum. The protective envelope 5 completely surrounds the insert 3. It protects the insert 3 from environmental stresses and prevents the dispersion in the environment of carbon dust that may become detached from the insert 3, in particular from delamination In fact, the annealed pyrolytic graphite is a brittle material that delaminates easily. The protective envelope 5 is made of one or more materials having good thermal conductivity, while being compatible with the environment of use of the heat sink 1. Advantageously, it is made of one or more materials having a relatively low density . For example, the protective envelope 5 is made of metallic material, and advantageously aluminum. According to a variant, the protective envelope 5 is made of titanium.
    The different materials envisaged for the protective envelope 5 will be described in more detail below with regard to the manufacturing process. The person skilled in the art is able, by means of his general knowledge, to adapt the thickness of the protective envelope 5 as a function of the thermal conductivity and the density of the material chosen for the protective envelope 5 in order to to obtain the best possible compromise between the weight and the thermal conductivity in the heat sink 1.
    As shown in Figure 1, the protective envelope 5 defines at least one receiving housing 11 of an object to be cooled, and for example several receiving receivers of objects to be cooled.
    A method of manufacturing a heat sink 1 as shown in Figure 1 will now be described with reference to Figures 2 to 6.
    This manufacturing method comprises: the provision of at least one insert 3 made of annealed pyrolytic graphite as described above; and encapsulation of this insert 3 in a protective envelope 5 as described above.
    The or each insert 3 provided during the step of supplying the insert 3 has been previously shaped to the desired dimensions, for example by machining or cutting from a starting block. The encapsulation step of the insert 3 comprises the production of at least a part of the protective envelope 5 layer by layer on the or each insert 3.
    More particularly, in this example, said portion of the protective envelope 5 is formed layer by layer directly on the or each insert 3 by selective melting from a bed of manufacturing powder 13 in a suitable manufacturing facility.
    The manufacturing powder is made in the material constituting the part of the protective envelope 5 to be produced layer by layer. It is in particular aluminum powder.
    An example of a manufacturing facility 15 is shown in FIG.
    This installation 15 comprises, in a conventional manner: a manufacturing enclosure 18 comprising a bottom wall 20; supply means 22, configured to bring a predetermined quantity of manufacturing powder onto the bottom wall 20 of the enclosure 18; - equalizing means 25, configured to equalize the manufacturing powder on the bottom wall 20 so as to form thereon a powder bed of predetermined thickness; a manufacturing platform 28, intended to receive the part being manufactured; selective melting means 32 of the manufacturing powder; and a control unit 36, configured to control the feed means 22, the equalization means 25, the manufacturing platform 28 and the selective melting means 32.
    As illustrated in FIG. 3, the feed means 22 advantageously comprise a feed platform 38 that is displaceable in translation in a vertical direction with respect to the bottom wall 20 of the enclosure 18 facing an orifice of provided 40 formed in the bottom wall 20 of the chamber 18. The supply port 40 has dimensions identical to those of the feed platform 38 so that the supply platform 38 closes the orifice when brought into the supply port 40.
    The supply platform 38 is intended to receive the manufacturing powder that will be used to manufacture the part. The displacement in translation upwards of the feed platform 38 by a predetermined pitch brings a predetermined quantity of manufacturing powder into the manufacturing chamber 18 via the feed orifice 40.
    The feed platform 38 is mounted displaceable in translation in a first displacement conduit 42. This first displacement conduit 42 forms, with the feed platform 38, a reservoir 44 of manufacturing powder of variable volume depending on the position of the feed platform 38 in the first displacement conduit 42. The first displacement conduit 42 opens out at the level of the feed orifice 40 in the bottom wall 20 of the enclosure 18.
    The equalizing means 25 are configured to take the manufacturing powder from the feed platform 38 and to distribute the powder taken from the bottom wall 20 of the enclosure 18 so as to form a powder bed 13 of thickness predetermined. This predetermined thickness is a function of the desired thickness of the layer during manufacture of the part. The equalizing means 25 comprise, for example, an equalizing roller or an equalizing doctor.
    The manufacturing platform 28 is displaceable in translation in the vertical direction relative to the bottom wall 20 of the enclosure 18 facing a manufacturing orifice 48 formed in the bottom wall 20 of the enclosure 18. The manufacturing orifice 48 has dimensions identical to those of the manufacturing platform 28 so that the manufacturing platform 28 closes the manufacturing orifice 48 when it is disposed in this orifice 48.
    In the example shown in the figures, the manufacturing platform 28 is mounted displaceable in translation in a second displacement conduit 50. This second displacement conduit 50 forms, with the manufacturing platform 28, a reservoir 52 intended to contain the part the part already manufactured, as well as the manufacturing powder to be evacuated. The manufacturing powder to be evacuated corresponds to the powder present on the manufacturing platform 28 which has not been transformed during the manufacture of the part. The volume of this reservoir 52 varies as a function of the position of the manufacturing platform 28 in the second displacement duct 50. The second displacement duct 50 opens above the level of the manufacturing orifice 48 in the bottom wall 20. the enclosure 18.
    The selective melting means 32 comprise a tool adapted to fuse the manufacturing powder. This tool is configured to scan the manufacturing platform 28 in a predetermined path so as to fuse the powder present on the manufacturing platform 28 in certain areas only depending on the shape of the part to be manufactured. For this purpose, the tool is mounted displaceable in translation in at least two perpendicular directions in a plane parallel to the bottom wall 18 of the enclosure 20. Advantageously, the fusion is performed by means of a laser beam. The tool is in this case a laser, and in this case we speak of selective laser melting or direct laser sintering. The nature of this laser, as well as its operating parameters, such as the energy, the angle of incidence or the diameter of the beam, the scanning speed, etc., are determined in particular according to the nature of the powder. the thickness of the layer of powder to be fused and possibly the shape of the part to be manufactured. In particular, the appropriate operating parameters are pre-recorded in a memory of the tool depending in particular on the nature of the manufacturing powder, the thickness of the layer of powder to be fused, and possibly the shape of the part to manufacture. The control unit 36 comprises storage means 54, intended to contain a three-dimensional model of the workpiece decomposed into layers of predetermined thickness, as well as control means 56. The control means 56 are connected in input to the storage means 54 and output to the feed means 22, the equalizing means 25, the manufacturing platform 28 and the selective melting means 32. They are configured to control the displacement of the feed platform 38, equalizing means 25, manufacturing platform 28 and selective melting means 32 depending on the model of the part stored in the storage means 54.
    In the example shown, the installation 15 further comprises means 60 for supplying and circulating an inert gas, for example argon, in the manufacturing chamber 18. The inert gas is intended to prevent the oxidation of the part being manufactured. Such means 60 are used in particular when the part is made at least partially in a material that can oxidize in air. When the installation 15 comprises such means 60, the control unit 36 is also configured to control these means 60 for supplying and circulating gas.
    Such a selective melting installation is conventional. An example of such an installation 15 is described in US Pat. No. 6,215,093. The encapsulation step comprises, prior to the manufacture of the protective envelope 5, a preparation step, represented in FIG. 2, comprising providing a reception frame 64 of the inserts 3; - The introduction of the inserts 3 and the receiving frame 64 in the manufacturing facility 15, and more particularly on the manufacturing platform 28, the or each insert 3 being inserted into the receiving frame 64; the displacement of the manufacturing platform 28 so that one of the faces 7, 9 of the insert or inserts 3 is in the plane of the bottom wall 20 of the enclosure 18.
    The configuration obtained at the end of the preparation step is illustrated schematically in FIG.
    The receiving frame 64 surrounds the or each insert 3 laterally so as to form with the or each insert 3 a layer of the heat sink 1. This layer of the heat sink 1 is defined upper and lower respectively by the upper and lower faces 7 and 9 respectively. or each insert 3. It is delimited laterally by the edges of the receiving frame 64. More particularly, the receiving frame 64 defines one or more receiving housing 65 of the or each insert 3. The shape of each receiving housing 65 is complementary to the shape of the insert 3 that it receives. The receiving frame 64 comprises an upper surface 66 extending in the plane of the upper face 7 of the insert 3 and a lower surface 68 extending, in the example shown, in the plane of the lower surface 9 of the insert 3.
    The reception frame 64 provided during this preparation step was previously manufactured by a suitable method, for example by molding or by machining. According to one embodiment, the reception frame 64 has been fabricated layer by layer by an additive manufacturing process, for example by selective laser melting or by any other suitable additive manufacturing method. The implementation step comprises for example the insertion of the insert (s) 3 in the corresponding housing 65 of the receiving frame 64, followed by the positioning of this assembly in the installation 15.
    According to one variant, the reception frame 64 is placed alone on the manufacturing platform 28, then the insert (s) 3 are inserted into the corresponding housings 65 of the receiving frame 64. The placing step also comprises the fixing the inserts 3 and the receiving frame 64 on the manufacturing platform 28, for example by adhesion between these elements and the manufacturing platform 28. This attachment has the function of maintaining the inserts 3 and the receiving frame 64 in place for all the following manufacturing steps.
    Preferably, once the insert or inserts 3 have been placed on the manufacturing platform 28 in the manufacturing facility 15, the upper and / or lower surfaces 7, 9 of the or each insert 3 extend substantially stacking direction of the layers formed on these surfaces 7, 9 during the subsequent layer-by-layer manufacturing step.
    The reception frame 64 provided with the inserts 3 forms an assembly 70. This assembly 70 has, in the example shown, substantially plane upper and lower surfaces, respectively extending in the plane of the upper and lower faces 7 of the 3. At the end of the preparation step, the upper and / or lower surfaces of the assembly 70 disposed in the manufacturing facility 15 extend substantially normally to the stacking direction of the layers formed on them. surfaces during the layer-by-layer manufacturing step. At the end of the preparation step, the remainder of the protective envelope 5 is produced, layer by layer.
    Prior to this manufacturing step, a model of the protective envelope 5, cut into a predetermined number n of layers stacked in the vertical direction, has been stored in the storage means 54. The layers have a predetermined thickness e. Preferably, all the layers have the same predetermined thickness e. This thickness e is chosen as a function of the precise shape of the heat sink 1 to be produced, as well as the selective melting tool employed and the characteristics of the manufacturing powder. It will be noted that this number n does not include the layer containing the reception frame 64, the thickness of this layer being substantially equal to the thickness of the inserts 3 and this layer not being, moreover, not obtained by layer-by-layer manufacture around the insert (s) 3 in this embodiment.
    According to the first embodiment, the manufacturing step comprises as many sub-manufacturing steps as the model of the protective envelope 5 comprises layers n to achieve.
    More particularly, this embodiment, the manufacturing step comprises the manufacture of a first portion 71 of the casing 5, extending from a first side of the assembly 70 and the manufacture of a second portion 72 of the envelope 5, extending from a second side of the assembly 70, opposite to the first.
    More particularly, the first portion 71 of the envelope 5 covers a first face of the insert or inserts 3, while the second portion 72 covers a second face of the insert or inserts 3, opposite to the first face. The reception frame 64 extends between the first lower portion 71 and the second portion 72.
    In the example shown, the first portion 71 covers the lower face 9 of the insert or inserts 3 and forms a base of the heat sink 1, while the second portion 72 covers the upper face 7 of the inserts 3 and forms a cover of the heat drain 1. The manufacturing step of the first portion 71 of the protective envelope 5 comprises a first substep, during which the first layer of the first portion 71 of the envelope 5 is manufactured. layer means the layer directly adjacent to the insert 3.
    This first sub-step comprises feeding, by means of the feed means 22, a predetermined quantity of manufacturing powder into the manufacturing chamber 18. For this purpose, the movement of the platform of translated upwardly by a predetermined pitch so as to bring the predetermined quantity of manufacturing powder into the manufacturing chamber 18.
    Then, the distribution of the manufacturing powder is controlled on the bottom wall 20 of the chamber 18 by means of the equalizing means 25 so as to obtain on the upper surface of the assembly 70 a layer of loose powder having a thickness e '. The thickness e 'is chosen so that the melting of this layer over its entire thickness by means of the melting tool 32 results in a fused layer of thickness e.
    As part of the manufacturing process, the terms "upper" and "lower" and "lower" and "high" are used with reference to the orientation of the parts considered during the implementation of the manufacturing process.
    The movement of the melting tool 32 in its plane of movement is then controlled so as to form, by means of the melting tool 32, a layer of envelope of predetermined shape. In particular, the melting tool 32 is moved so that it melts the powder of the loose powder layer only in the zones defined in the model of the envelope 5. At the end of this step, formed, on the assembly 70, the envelope layer 5 adjacent to this assembly 70.
    The movement of the manufacturing platform 28 with respect to the bottom wall 20 of the enclosure 18 is then controlled so that the upper surface of the envelope layer that has just been formed is in the plane of the bottom wall 20 of the enclosure 18. For this purpose, the downward movement of the manufacturing platform 28 is controlled by a pitch corresponding to the thickness e of the envelope layer produced in the preceding step. At the end of the first manufacturing sub-step, the first envelope layer of the first portion 71 of the envelope 5 was manufactured.
    The steps of the first manufacturing sub-step above are then repeated as many times as the first portion 71 of the envelope 5 comprises layers in the model of the protective envelope 5. At the end of each sub step, a new layer of the protective envelope 5 was formed.
    It will be noted that FIG. 4 illustrates the equalization of the manufacturing powder during an intermediate substep of manufacturing the first portion 71 of the protective envelope 5.
    Once the manufacture of the first part 71 of the envelope 5 is completed, an intermediate piece 75 is obtained comprising the assembly 70, provided, on its first face, with the first portion 71 of the protective envelope 5. The second face of the assembly 70, and therefore, in particular, the second face of the insert or inserts 3 is discovered.
    The method then comprises: reversal of the intermediate piece 75, shown diagrammatically by arrows in FIG. 5, so that the second face of the assembly 70 is oriented upwards, as illustrated in FIG. that the fixing of the intermediate piece 75 on the manufacturing platform 28.
    The intermediate piece 75 then rests on the manufacturing platform 28 via the first portion 71 of the protective envelope 5.
    The manufacturing platform 28 is positioned vertically so that the second face of the assembly 70 extends in the plane of the bottom wall 20 of the enclosure 18.
    Then, all the layers of the second portion 72 of the protective envelope 5 are successively manufactured by implementing manufacturing sub-steps similar to those described above in the context of the manufacture of the first portion 71 of the envelope of protection 5 as often as necessary. In this case, the first layer of the second portion 72 is formed directly on the second face of the assembly 70, and thus on the second face of the insert or inserts 3.
    It will be noted that FIG. 6 illustrates the equalization of the manufacturing powder during an intermediate substep of manufacturing the second portion 72 of the protective envelope 5. At the end of this manufacturing step, formed the second portion 72 of the protective envelope 5.
    The insert (s) 3 are then fully encapsulated.
    The piece thus formed is then removed from the manufacturing platform 28.
    As an option, the manufacturing process then comprises a finishing step, comprising, for example, the cleaning of the part, the implementation of surface treatments or a final machining of the protective envelope 5 in order to form the heat sink 1. At the end of this process, the heat sink 1 is obtained as shown in FIG.
    Note that it is possible, by analysis methods known to those skilled in the art, to verify that the part was manufactured by an additive manufacturing process.
    The receiving frame 64, as well as the first and second parts 71, 72 of the protective envelope 5 are made of a material having good thermal conductivity, while being compatible with the environment of use of the heat sink. Advantageously, these elements are made of a material having a relatively low density. An advantageous example of such a material is aluminum. In variants, these elements are made of other metallic materials, for example titanium.
    According to one embodiment, the reception frame 64, the first portion 71 and the second portion 72 of the protective envelope 5 are made of the same material. In this case, the same type of manufacturing powder is used for the manufacture of the parts 71, 72 of the protective envelope 5, and possibly for the manufacture of the reception frame 64, when it is manufactured by a method of additive manufacturing. By way of example, the reception frame 64, the first part 71 and the second part 72 of the protective envelope 5 are made of a metallic material, and advantageously of aluminum. According to a variant, they are made of titanium.
    According to another variant, the first and second parts 71, 72 are made of the same material, while the receiving frame 64 is made of a different material.
    According to another variant, the first portion 71 and the second portion 72 of the protective envelope 5 are made of different materials. In this case, a different powder is used for the manufacture of these two parts 71, 72 of the protective envelope 5. In this case, between the manufacturing steps of these two parts of the envelope 71, 72, is replaced, on the supply platform 38, the first type of powder, used for the manufacture of the first part 71 of the protective envelope 5, by a second type of powder, suitable for the manufacture of the second part 72 of the 5. In this case, the receiving frame 64 is made of the same material as one or the other parts 71, 72 or in a third material, different from the material in which the parts 71 are made. , 72 of the protective envelope 5.
    According to a variant (not shown), the melting is performed by an electron beam. This is called electron beam fusion (or electron beam melting). In this case, the selective melting means 32 comprise a device for generating an electron beam.
    The manufacturing method according to the invention is particularly advantageous. Indeed, it is simple and inexpensive to implement, and allows the realization of protection envelopes 5 of various shapes at lower cost. In addition, the formation of the protective envelope 5 by selective melting on the faces of the insert (s) 3 ensures a good thermal contact between the insert (s) 3 and the protective envelope 5.
    This method also ensures good cohesion of the various elements forming the heat sink 1, and in particular between the different parts of the protective envelope 5, while avoiding the implementation of mechanical or thermal assembly operations between them. 5. In fact, the adhesion of the parts 71, 72 of the envelope 5 with the receiving frame 64 results from the melting of the manufacturing powder directly on the receiving frame 64, without it is necessary to implement additional assembly step.
    This method also makes use of comparatively simple tools for the manufacture of the protective envelope 5 and the encapsulation of the insert or inserts 3, namely the selective melting installation, and thus makes it possible to avoid the use of heavy industrial tools that would be necessary to obtain good encapsulation by other processes, such as hot isostatic pressing.
    According to a variant of the method described above, only the second portion 72 of the protective envelope 5 is manufactured on the insert or inserts 3 by an additive manufacturing process as described above.
    In this embodiment, during the preparation step, and as illustrated in FIG. 7, there is provided, in one piece, a subassembly 78 comprising the first portion 71 of the protective envelope 5 and the reception frame 64. Advantageously, the first portion 71 of the protective envelope 5 and the receiving frame 64 are made in one piece and made of material. For example, they are manufactured in one piece by additive manufacturing. This subassembly 78 thus delimits housing 65 for receiving the insert or inserts 3 whose side walls are formed by the receiving frame 64 and the bottom is delimited by the first part 71 of the protective envelope 5.
    During the placing step, the insert (s) 3 and the said subassembly 78 are put into place in the manufacturing installation 18, the receiving frame 64 being oriented upwards and the insert (s) 3 being inserted in the corresponding receiving housings 65 of the subassembly 78. The intermediate piece 80 thus obtained is similar to the intermediate piece 75 described above with reference to FIG.
    The first face of the insert (s) 3 is in contact with the bottom of the receiving housing (65). The second face of the insert (s) 3 still uncovered faces upwards and the intermediate piece (80) rests on the manufacturing platform (28). intermediate of the first part 71.
    The intermediate piece 80 is fixed on the manufacturing platform 28, for example by adhesion, to prevent relative movement between the intermediate part 80 and the manufacturing platform 28 during subsequent manufacturing steps.
    The manufacturing platform 28 is positioned so that the second face of the inserts 3, still uncovered, is at the bottom wall 20 of the enclosure 18. At the end of this step, we find in a situation similar to that of FIG. 5. The disposition of the intermediate piece 80 at the end of the preparation step is illustrated in FIG. 8.
    The second portion 72 of the protective envelope 5 is then produced layer by layer on the or each insert 3 by implementing the manufacturing sub-steps described above in connection with the first embodiment. At the end of this manufacturing step, and after a possible finishing step, the heat sink 1 is obtained.
    Thanks to the use of the layer-by-layer manufacturing method, a very good cohesion is obtained between the different elements of the protective envelope 5, without it being necessary to implement additional securing steps. Moreover, the formation of the layer-by-layer protection envelope 5 or on the inserts 3 ensures a good thermal contact between the inserts and the protective envelope 5.
    This method has the advantage of being faster to implement than the method according to the first embodiment insofar as only a portion of the protective envelope 5 is manufactured by layer-by-layer deposition. On the other hand, in this case, the fact that, on one of the faces of the insert (s) 3, the protective envelope 5 is not formed by additive manufacturing may result in a less good adhesion between the insert (s) 3 and the protective envelope 5 and therefore a higher thermal resistance of the assembly than in the case of the first embodiment. The invention has been described more particularly for an insert 3 made of annealed pyrolytic graphite. However, alternatively, the insert 3 could be made of other suitable materials. The insert 3 is in particular made of a material different from the material in which the protective envelope 5 is made.
    According to one embodiment, the insert 3 is made entirely of a single material, for example annealed pyrolytic graphite, and is in particular made in one piece.
    Alternatively, the or each insert 3 comprises a core, in particular made of annealed pyrolytic graphite or any other suitable material, coated with a coating layer. This coating layer is intended to facilitate the deposition and attachment of the first layer of the protective envelope 5 to the insert 3. It is made of a material compatible with the method used during the encapsulation step . This is in particular a metallization layer. By way of example, the coating layer is made of a metallic material, for example aluminum or a metal carbide, such as NiC, TaC or GaC. Alternatively, it is made of a semiconductor material such as silicon carbide.
    The intermediate coating layer is fine with respect to the thickness of the core of the insert 3.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1Process for manufacturing a heat sink (1) comprising: - providing at least one insert (3); the encapsulation of the or each insert (3) in a protective envelope (5), characterized in that the encapsulation step comprises the layer-by-layer fabrication of at least a part of the protective envelope ( 5) on the or each insert (3).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. - The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the or each insert (3) is made of a material different from the material in which is made the protective envelope (5).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. - The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the or each insert (3) comprises a core made of annealed pyrolytic graphite.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. - The manufacturing method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said at least a portion of the protective envelope (5) is constructed from a bed of powder.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. - Manufacturing method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said at least a portion of the protective envelope (5) is constructed by selective fusion by means of a laser beam or a beam of electrons.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. - The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said at least a portion of the protective envelope (5) is made of a metal material, in particular aluminum.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. - Manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the encapsulation step comprises, prior to the manufacture layer by layer of said at least a portion of the protective envelope (5), placing a reception frame (64) around the or each insert (3), said receiving frame (64) forming, with the or each insert (3), an assembly (70) constituting a layer of the thermal drain (1) to be manufactured, and wherein the manufacturing step comprises the manufacture layer by layer of at least a portion of the protective envelope on one side of said assembly (70).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. - Manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein the receiving frame (64) is made of the same material as the portion of the protective envelope (5) manufactured layer by layer.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. - Manufacturing method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the protective envelope (5) comprises a first portion (71), located on the side of a first face of the assembly (70) and a second part (72), located on the side of a second face of the assembly (70), opposite to the first face, and the manufacturing step comprises the manufacture layer by layer of at least a portion of the protective envelope (5) among the first portion (71) and the second portion (72) on the corresponding face of the assembly (70).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. - Manufacturing method according to claim 9, which comprises the layer-by-layer manufacture of the first portion (71) of the protective envelope (5) on the first face of the assembly (70) and the manufacture layer by layer of the second portion (72) of the protective envelope (5) on the second face of the assembly (70).
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. - The manufacturing method according to claim 9, wherein the first portion (71) of the protective envelope (5) and the receiving frame (64) are provided in one piece prior to the step of setting placing the insert or inserts (3) in the receiving frame (64), said first portion (71) of the protective envelope (5) then covering a first face (7) of the or each insert (3) leaving released a second face (9) of the or each insert (3), opposite to the first face (7), and the manufacturing step comprises the manufacture layer by layer of the second portion (72) of the protective envelope (5) on the second face (9) of the or each insert (3).
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. - The manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the first portion (71) of the protective envelope (5) and the receiving frame (64) are made in one piece being made of material, in particular by a layer-by-layer manufacturing process.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. - The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, which further comprises a step of machining the protective envelope (5).
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. - The manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the insert (3) consists of a core covered with a coating layer, the manufacturing method further comprising a formation step of a coating layer on the core of the or each insert (3) prior to the encapsulation step, said coating layer being intended to facilitate the deposition and attachment of the portion of the envelope (5) manufactured layer per layer.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. - Thermal drain (1) obtained by the manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3042065B1|2017-12-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US5296310A|1992-02-14|1994-03-22|Materials Science Corporation|High conductivity hydrid material for thermal management|
    US20140151013A1|2011-07-20|2014-06-05|Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh|Method for forming a composite material, and heat sink|EP3543709A1|2018-03-23|2019-09-25|Rosemount Aerospace Inc.|Hybrid material aircraft sensors and method of manufacturing|
    EP3623099A1|2018-09-13|2020-03-18|Rosemount Aerospace Inc.|Laser metal deposition methodology on graphite substrates for aerospace components|
    US11131686B2|2019-02-01|2021-09-28|Rosemount Aerospace Inc.|Process for manufacturing a pitot tube having a graphite insert embedded therein|
    法律状态:
    2016-10-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-04-07| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20170407 |
    2017-10-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-10-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-10-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-10-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-10-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1502078A|FR3042065B1|2015-10-06|2015-10-06|METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THERMAL DRAIN AND THERMAL DRAIN|FR1502078A| FR3042065B1|2015-10-06|2015-10-06|METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THERMAL DRAIN AND THERMAL DRAIN|
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